Plastics.. and yet another reason to drink enough good water!

in a world increasingly plagued by environmental pollution, a new threat has emerged—one that invades our very breath. Recent research from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) has uncovered the alarming presence of nano and microplastic particles in the respiratory systems of both humans and birds. This groundbreaking study, led by Dr Suvash Saha, sheds light on how these plastic particles travel through and settle within our respiratory systems.

The Threat of Microplastics

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles, often defined as being less than 5 millimetres in diameter. These particles are categorized into two primary types:

1. Intentionally Manufactured Particles: These are found in everyday products such as cosmetics, toothpaste, and personal care items.
2. Secondary Particles: These originate from the degradation of larger plastic items like water bottles, food containers, and synthetic textiles.

According to Dr. Saha, “Extensive investigations have identified synthetic textiles as a principal source of indoor airborne plastic particles, while the outdoor environment presents a multitude of sources encompassing contaminated aerosols from the ocean to particles originating from wastewater treatment.”

Journey Through the Respiratory System

Using advanced computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD), the UTS research team simulated how various plastic particles behave once inhaled. Their findings, published in the journal Environmental Advances, reveal “hotspots” where these particles accumulate, ranging from the nasal cavity and larynx to the deeper regions of the lungs.

The journey and deposition of microplastics in the respiratory system depend significantly on the breathing rate and the particles’ size and shape.

Breathing Rate and Particle Deposition

Dr Saha explains, “Faster breathing rates led to heightened deposition in the upper respiratory tract, particularly for larger microplastics.” In contrast, slower breathing rates allow smaller nanoplastic particles to penetrate deeper into the lungs. This differentiation is crucial for understanding the health impacts of these particles.

The Role of Particle Shape

Another critical factor is the shape of the particles. Unlike their spherical counterparts, non-spherical microplastic particles have a greater propensity for deeper lung penetration. “Particle shape was another factor, with non-spherical microplastic particles showing a propensity for deeper lung penetration compared to spherical microplastics and nano-plastics,” said Dr Saha.

Health Implications

The health implications of inhaled microplastics are profound. Dr Saha’s study highlights how these particles can exacerbate a range of respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), asthma, and the formation of frosted glass nodules in the lungs. “Experimental evidence has strongly suggested that these plastic particles amplify human susceptibility to a spectrum of lung disorders,” Dr. Saha emphasized.

Mitigating the Risks

Understanding the behaviour of microplastics within our respiratory systems is essential for developing targeted strategies to mitigate their risks. Dr Saha’s research underscores the importance of considering breathing rates and particle sizes in health risk assessments related to respiratory exposure to microplastics.

Practical Steps to Reduce Exposure to Inhaled Microplastics

To protect yourself from the harmful effects of inhaled microplastics, consider incorporating these practical steps into your daily routine:

1. Improve Indoor Air Quality Use Air Purifiers: Invest in a high-quality air purifier with a HEPA filter to capture airborne particles, including microplastics.
   Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation in your home by opening windows and using exhaust fans to reduce indoor particle concentration.
2. Reduce Plastic UseAvoid Synthetic Textiles: Opt for natural fibres like cotton, wool, or linen instead of synthetic materials like polyester and nylon.
   Choose Plastic-Free Products: Select personal care and household products that are free from microplastics.
3. Clean Regularly Dust and Vacuum: Regularly dust surfaces and vacuum floors with a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter to minimize the accumulation of plastic particles.
4. Reduce Plastic Use Avoid Synthetic Textiles: Be mindful of air quality when engaging in outdoor activities. Avoid exercising near busy roads or industrial areas where plastic pollution might be higher.
   Use Masks: In high-pollution areas, consider wearing a mask designed to filter out fine particles.
5. Advocate and Educate Raise Awareness: Share information about the risks of plastic particle pollution with your community.
   Support Legislation: Advocate for policies that reduce plastic production and promote the development of sustainable alternatives.

By incorporating these practical steps into your daily routine, you can help reduce your exposure to harmful plastic particles and contribute to a healthier environment.

Conclusion

The pervasive nature of plastic pollution now extends to the air we breathe, posing a hidden threat to our respiratory health. Studies like the one conducted by UTS are crucial as we continue to uncover the extent of this pollution. They provide the insights needed to develop effective interventions and protect our health from these invisible invaders.

Journal Reference:

Huang, X., Saha, S.C., Saha, G., Francis, I., Luo, Z. (2024). Transport and deposition of microplastics and nanoplastics in the human respiratory tract. Environmental Advances, 16, 100525. DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100525